What document outlines the fundamental rights of citizens in the U.S.?

The correct answer, which is the Constitution, serves as the foundational legal document of the United States. It is essential in establishing the framework of the government as well as outlining the fundamental principles under which the country operates. The Constitution articulates the structure of the government, the powers of each branch, and the responsibilities of citizens.

However, while the Constitution itself establishes the framework for rights and governance, the specific enumeration of fundamental rights is primarily detailed in the Bill of Rights. This first ten amendments to the Constitution explicitly guarantee essential rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to bear arms. The Federalist Papers, on the other hand, provide insight into the reasoning behind the Constitution and the need for such a framework but do not enumerate rights themselves. The Emancipation Proclamation, a significant document in American history regarding the abolition of slavery, does not outline fundamental rights for citizens in general. Thus, while the Constitution encompasses the overarching principles, the Bill of Rights specifically delineates the fundamental rights enjoyed by citizens.