What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The correct answer identifies the two components that make up the legislative branch of the United States government, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure was established by the U.S. Constitution and plays a crucial role in the law-making process, with each chamber having distinct powers and responsibilities.

The Senate, composed of 100 Senators, serves to represent the states equally, providing a balance against the population-based representation found in the House of Representatives, which includes 435 members. This distinction ensures that both the individual states and the larger population have a voice in Congress, allowing for a system of checks and balances within the legislative process.

The other choices involve incorrect bodies associated with Congress, such as the House of Commons, which is part of the UK Parliament, and the Supreme Court, which is the judicial branch. The President, while vital to the federal government, does not constitute a part of Congress as that body is strictly legislative, separate from the executive. Understanding the structure and functions of these two parts is essential for grasping how federal legislation is crafted and enacted.