What are checks and balances?

Checks and balances refer to a system established within the government to ensure that no single branch becomes too powerful. This mechanism divides governmental powers among different branches—typically the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Each branch has the ability to monitor and limit the actions of the others, thereby maintaining an equilibrium of power.

For instance, while the legislative branch creates laws, the executive has the power to veto those laws, and the judiciary can review their constitutionality. This process helps to prevent any branch from overstepping its authority and promotes accountability within the government. Thus, the concept is fundamentally about maintaining equal power dynamics and safeguarding against tyranny or abuse of power within the governmental structure.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of checks and balances. Increasing government efficiency, influencing legislation, or managing international trade agreements do not directly pertain to the structural safeguards designed to limit governmental authority and protect democratic principles.